بلاغة السياق في سورة الفجر"دراسة دلالية"
The Rhetoric of Context in Surat Al-Fajr: A Pragmatic Study Dr. Mohammed Abdo Yahya Al-Jahdabi
Keywords:
السياق, الدلالة, سورة الفجر, السياق العاطفي, السياق الثقافيAbstract
دلالة السياق من الدلالات العظيمة، اعتنى بها طائفة من المفسرين، واستنبطوا من القرآن الكريم مفاهيم ولطائف دقيقة حري بنا الوقوف عندها، كما أن السياق له أهمية أخرى عند البلاغيين، ويظهر ذلك جلياً في اشتراطهم مطابقة الكلام لمقتضى الحال والمقام الذي سيق من أجله، وقد أدرك أهميته اللغويون المعاصرون، مستمدين الشيء الكثير من العلماء الأقدمين، بل صاغوا نظريات عدة يعددون فيها أنواع السياقات الدلالية، وزادوا ذلك شرحاً وتفصيلاً، كالسياق اللغوي، وسياق الموقف، والسياق العاطفي، والسياق الثقافي...إلخ
ومن خلال قراءاتي لسورة الفجر لفت انتباهي سياقات لطيفة، ودقائق جليلة للجمل الخبرية والإنشائية، فكتبت في ذلك، وأردت أن أتعمق أكثر في دلالتي الذكر والحذف، ودلالتي التعريف والتنكير، ودلالتي التقديم والتأخير لهذه السورة.
أما من حيث المنهج فهو تحليل وصفي بلاغي لسورة الفجر، واستخراج ما فيها من لطائف ودلالات.
Abstract
Context indication has a great significance in Holy Quran. Therefore, some of the interpreters have payed attention to that and they have deduced various precise concepts and subtleties from the Holy Quran that need to be considered. The context has another significance for the rhetoricians, and this is evident since they required the text to conform to the requirement of the situation and to be relevant. Contemporary linguists have also realized the significance of context. They have taken a lot from ancient scholars and they have formulated several theories in which they have discussed context and divided it into the following types: the linguistic context, the situational context, the emotional context, and the cultural context. Reading Surat Al-Fajr, the attention of the researcher is drawn to the subtle contexts, and the great niceties of analytic and synthetic sentences. The researcher, therefore, writes about that and delves into the contextual indication of ellipsis and non-ellipsis, the contextual indication of using a definite or indefinite articles, and the indications of topicalization and extraposition in this surat. As for the method, the study is a descriptive, rhetorical analysis of Surat Al-Fajr and extraction of its subtleties and meanings.
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